The importance of female heads of households in providing the basic needs of household members on the one hand and the limitations they face in most socio-economic fields have made it necessary to pay attention to the issues of female heads of households in most societies including our country. The purpose of this study is to use the systematic review method to review and evaluate the Policy proposals that have been proposed in Iran for women heads of households. A total of 296 articles and 5 reports were identified. In the review and eligibility phase, the total number of selected texts was considered to be 79 texts, of which 62 studies used the quantitative method and 17 studies used the qualitative method. Based on the studies that proposed Policy proposals, the characteristics of female heads of the household, the axes of vulnerability, the evaluation of policies and proposals were determined. The findings showed that more Policy proposals were made based on the characteristics of low literacy, being unemployed, and being middle-aged. Based on the axes of vulnerability, women heads of households are more vulnerable psychologically and socially than they are materially vulnerable in many cases. The evaluation of policies for women heads of households showed that the most interventions for the empowerment of women heads of households were focused on the economic field and were mainly pursued in the form of financial payments and did not pay enough attention to other aspects of women's empowerment, while the empowerment of women heads of households was successful when It is expected to simultaneously pay attention to their mental health and improve their social and economic status.

Intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) is one of the most successful techniques of Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART) and is mostly in use for the treatment of infertility with male factors. In this method, before injecting sperm into the intracytoplasmic of the oocyte, cumulus cells around the oocyte must be stripped to facilitate the injection process. To achieve this, both enzymatic and mechanical methods are used in embryological laboratories for denudation, which has major deficiencies, including the possibility of damaging the oocyte prior to the injection process. In this research, a microfluidic-based device is introduced for the separation of cumulus cells around the oocyte with minimum manual operations. The results prove high efficiency, and non-destructive denudation of the oocyte with the reduced amount of culture medium leads to the low-cost preparation process of oocytes. The process can also be integrated with ICSI chips under development and will be reported shortly.

در دهه گذشته گرایش به طراحی شهری- دانش هدایت تحولات شهری در جهت ارتقای کیفی- با اقبال فزاینده ای در ایران روبه رو بوده است. طی این دوره، به رغم ابهام در جایگاه قانونی و متولی رسمی طراحی شهری در کشور، دستگاه ها و سازمان های متعددی با عقد قراردادهای گوناگون مسوولیت تهیه انواع پروژه ها را به طراحان شهری واگذار کرده اند. با وجود تعداد قابل توجهی از قراردادهایی که تاکنون در مورد پروژه های طراحی شهری منعقد شده است، هنوز چارچوب مرجع یا الگوی عملیاتی همسانی برای تدوین ابزارهای گوناگون هدایت و کنترل توسعه کالبدی وجود ندارد که کارفرمایان و طراحان بتوانند به طور نظام مند از آن استفاده کنند. چنانچه قرار باشد استفاده از دانش طراحی شهری در جهت هدایت و کنترل کالبدی شهرهای کشور به صورت نهادینه درآید، تهیه و پیشنهاد الگوهای عملیاتی جامع و متکی بر مطالعات نظری و تجارب اجرایی پشتیبان ضرورت تام می یابد. هدف این مقاله ارایه الگویی عملیاتی برای استفاده در حوزه «طراحی شهری سیاست گذار» و الگویی عملیاتی برای استفاده در حوزه «طراحی شهری طرح ریز» است. الگوهای پیشنهادی به دو سطح میانی (تدوین چارچوب طراحی شهری برای پاره شهر یا ناحیه) و خرد (تدوین طرح جامع سه بعدی برای سایت/ فضای شهری) اختصاص دارند. برای تدوین الگوهای پیشنهادی، در وهله نخست «ویراست اول» الگوها، از طریق مطالعات گسترده نظری، تهیه و پس از کاربرد آزمایشی در تعدادی از پروژه های اجرایی طی چند مرحله اصلاح و تکمیل شد و نتایج در این مقاله ارایه می شود.

Competition law is a newcomer to the legal system recently. A sound understanding of competition Policy can provide us with sufficient bases to apply a fundamental and normative view of the issues of competition law. The difference in supervision and regulation determines how the market functions and in order to understand this difference one must understand competition Policy. Competition Policy may be based on governmental support for national production and industry or on a non-interventional and regulatory posture. Moreover, supervision, based on the principle of non-intervention in the market mechanism, is rooted in liberal ideas; however, regulation, whether as a rule or an exception, is based on the assertion that the market has been ineffective in attaining its goals. Therefore, the government will resort to interventions to regulate inefficiencies.  This paper aims to analyze Supervisory Authority in Implementing Competitive Policy by employing the description method. In this article the author tries to first delineate competition Policy, its related requirements and imposed deviations to the market. Then, by defining the supervisory entity and clarifying its distinction from the regulatory institutions, the author considers the characteristics of an appropriate supervisory entity conducting a comparative study of this issue in Iran and the U.S.A. This form of Competition Policy because of its applicable experiences which have been well described by recent scholarship is considered suitable for the native system.